Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan

Determinant Factors Affecting Self-Medication Behavior In Breastfeeding Mothers

Murwati Murwati — 2022-11-18

Background: Self-medication practices can be a source of medication errors, especially for nursing mothers, because almost all drugs taken by nursing mothers are detected in breast milk, even though the concentrations are low. It can be prevented by identifying the determinants of self-medication.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional quantitative analytic study. A sample of 150 mothers was choosen by purposive sampling with the criteria for breastfeeding a baby with a maximum age of 6 months. The instrument used is a questionnaire on the determinants of self-medication behavior in breastfeeding mothers. The questionnaire has been tested for validity with Pearson's test (p < 0.05) and reliability with Chronbach's alpha (0.78). Data analysis with chi-square and multivariate tests

Results: The statistical analysis showed a significant association between education level, medical history, drug price, and information media and self-medication behavior in breastfeeding mothers. However, those that had an impact were the history of the disease (p = 0.014), education level (p = 0.024), and drug price (p = 0.006).

Conclusion: The determinants of self-medication behavior in breastfeeding mothers were disease history, drug prices, and education. Further research is needed regarding the rationality of self-medication to determine the optimization and safety of drugs used by breastfeeding mothers.

Formulation Functional Powder Drink Of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Seed And Star Anise (Illicum verum Hook.f.)

Rini Tri Hastuti — 2022-11-21

Background: Production of avocados in Central Java has increased every year, and products from seeds that have not been utilized optimally will be produced. Processing avocado seeds is very necessary so that they become foods that have a high selling value while maintaining the content of antioxidant compounds contained therein. One way to optimize is to make avocado seed powder that can be processed into a functional powder drink.

Methods: The method and the type of research conducted quantitatively using a descriptive design. Parameter tests include quality tests, flavonoid qualitative tests with color reaction tests, flavonoid quantitative tests, and antioxidant activity tests using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

Results: Quality tests show that the functional powder drink has a smooth texture, a whitish brown color, a distinctive smell, and a sweet taste. The pH was 6,599±0,038, 6,699±0,017, and 6,741±0,030. A qualitative test of flavonoids shows positive results, followed by a quantitative test of flavonoids obtained flavonoid levels of 12,044±0,009428%, 12,214±0,009428%, and 12,419±0,009428%. Antioxidant test results for functional drinks showed an IC₅₀ value of 128,422 ± 0.0094 mg/L categorized as a moderate level of antioxidants.

Conclusion: The organoleptic test of functional powder drinks of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed and star anise (Illicum verum Hook f.) revealed a whitish chocolate color, typical spice smell, typical spice and sweet taste, and a fine powder texture.

COVID-19’s Vaccine Rejection: Lesson Learned To Preserving Health Security In Indonesia

Reinpal Falefi — 2022-12-21

Background: Indonesia is a country with low COVID-19 vaccination coverage from 2020 through 2021. Different sociodemographic conditions determine the success of vaccination in suppressing the transmission of COVID-19. This systematic review aims to identify the reasons for the refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine among the general and vulnerable communities in Indonesia.

Methods: This study uses a systematic review method using PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used are COVID-19 vaccine, acceptance, determinant, and Indonesia. The article, which was specifically researched, presents the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia only in 2020 and 2021. Elicit information from found articles to form conclusions for each article.

Results: Based on 12 studies, the main causes of the rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia are knowledge and negative attitudes. In the aspect of knowledge, three things become problems, namely fear of the side effects of vaccination, doubts about the effectiveness of vaccines, and doubts about vaccine safety. Negative attitudes are influenced by propaganda and conspiracies.

Conclusion: The general population and vulnerable people in Indonesia are more likely to reject the COVID-19 vaccine, so the target for mass vaccination is not achieved, the main reasons being knowledge and perception. Control strategies and invitations for specific COVID-19 vaccinations are critical in order to get the general public and vulnerable populations to participate in vaccination activities.

The Providing Of Covid-19 Education On The Knowledge And Anxiety Levels Of High School Students

Nurul Devi Ardiani — 2022-12-22

Background: The lack of knowledge about COVID-19 could lead to various types of speculation about the Coronavirus spread, causing anxiety in the public and diminishing the body's immune system. Education about COVID-19 is a method to enhance school students' knowledge because school clusters are one of the contributors to the increasing number of COVID-19 in Indonesia.

Methods: The research method adopted was quasi-experimental, with a pre-and post-test without control on 72 students. The students were selected randomly through the coordination of the student affairs teacher involved in this study. The online g-form was used twice to collect data. Pre-education data collection was conducted a day before the implementation of education, and then the evaluation of post-education was implemented several days after performing education. Pre- and post-education used two (2) questionnaires on knowledge and anxiety. Data were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon test

Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test on the pre- and post-education variables on students' knowledge presented a value of -4.938 (p = 0.000) with a p-value of <0.05. Therefore, it was concluded that there was an effect of COVID-19 education on students' knowledge. The results of the Wilcoxon test on the pre-and post-education variables on student anxiety showed a value of -3.587 (p = 0.000) with a p-value of <0.05.

Conclusion: There was an effect of COVID-19 education on the student's knowledge and anxiety levels. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for respondents, especially in diminishing anxiety by increasing their knowledge of COVID.

Improving Family Knowledge And Attitudes On Malnutrition Through Family Centered Nursing-Based Modules And Videos

Heryyanoor Heryyanoor — 2022-12-23

Background: Education through media modules and instructional videos can improve families' knowledge of and attitudes toward malnutrition.

Methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental research design, involving a pretest-posttest with a control group design. A sample of 74 families, divided into 37 families, were given education using learning modules and videos about malnutrition with family-centered nursing and 37 families as controls. The independent variables are learning modules and videos, while the dependent variables are knowledge and attitudes about malnutrition among families. The 30-question knowledge and attitude questionnaire about malnutrition that was given to families shows that it is valid and reliable. The Wilcoxon test was used to determine changes in the mean values before and after treatment.

Results: After receiving treatment, respondents demonstrated an increase in their knowledge and attitudes. The mean value of knowledge increased by more than 30%, while the mean value of attitude statements increased by less than 10%, both of which exceeded the control group. The Wilcoxon p (0.001) test results were obtained before and after treatment administration for both groups.

Conclusion: Providing education using joint learning modules and videos based on family-centered nursing is effective and can be carried out by nurses to increase family knowledge and attitudes about malnutrition.

Factors Influencing Unmet Contraceptive Needs In Indonesia

Pika Novriani Lubis — 2022-12-26

Background: As developing countries, family planning program services in Southeast Asia through 2019 are already excellent, with a user rate of 65% and a user satisfaction rate of 90%. However, Indonesia's unmet contraceptive need rate has remained stagnant for the last ten years.

Methods: A systematic online search was carried out in four databases: Pubmed, EMBASE, Proquest, and Sage Journal, as well as Google Scholar. The keywords used were unmet need, gap, non-use, challenge, barrier, birth spacing, birth limiting, birth interval, pregnancy interval, fertility control, birth limiting, family planning, and contraception. A search was limited to articles written in English and Indonesian published in the recent five years, with the population setting its domicile in Indonesia. Selection data was guided by a PRISMA flow diagram and assisted by the specialized systematic review software Rayyan.

Results: Of 571 articles, 7 matched the inclusion criteria and contained 32 unmet need associations. According to our findings, unmet contraceptive need in Indonesia is set by five factors: the level of the woman, the level of her partner, the level of the couple, the level of the household, and lastly, the level of the program or health services.

Conclusion: Using a local language approach, invigorating family planning field officers, and embedding in premarital counseling and school education, this recent evidence can be used to renew the family program planning strategy and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Model Of Managing Developmental Language Disorder In Central Java

Arif Siswanto — 2022-12-27

Background: Language disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder needing sustainable action. A speech therapist, as a member of the management team, has an obligation to solve a problem. In order to develop an intervention model for developmental language disorder, clinician perception is required.

Methods: The research was conducted using a survey approach. The survey was conducted online through Google Forms, and the analysis was done using the statistical descriptive method. To see the inter-variable correlation, Spearman’s rank correlational test was used.

Results: Descriptive statistics show varying data between one variable and another. Some points that become part of the majority’s perception are the frequency of intervention (3 times per week), the duration of the intervention (31–45 minutes), the informal assessment, and the multidisciplinary model. Assessment, ethnocultural, collaboration, and intervention variables all have an inter-variable relationship. The value of the assessment-to-intervention variable relation is p = 0.001, with r = 0.544. The value of the ethnocultural–to–intervention variable relation is p = 0.002, with r = 0.515. The value of the collaboration-to-intervention variable relation is p = 0.021, with r = 0.401.

Conclusion: Further investigation using other research designs is required to reveal the need for language disorder intervention in Central Java. Descriptive data show that the management of language disorder in Central Java needs some requirements to be met.

Early Warning Score (EWS) And Shock Index (SI) Patients With Physical Restraints (Hand Fixation) In Patients Receiving Intensive Care

Heru Suwardianto — 2022-12-27

Background: Patients with critical conditions may experience agitation and also require immobilization. The patient needs a fixation on the hand (physical restraint) so that medical and nursing interventions can be carried out.

Methods: The research method uses a quasi-experimental posttest design. Patients who received physical fixation intervention or physical restraint in an inpatient room at Baptist Hospital Kediri comprised the population.The study was conducted from June to July 2022. The sample size of the study was 57 patients, using a purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria, namely total care patients, patients receiving restraints and having Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) values > +1, and patient exclusion, i.e., patients receiving treatment less than twice a day at 24 o'clock. The independent variables are EWS and SI, and the dependent variables are. Statistical test using Mann Whitney with < 0.05.

Results: The results showed that the Early Warning Score (EWS) variable obtained a value of Z = -1.787 with a p value of 0.238, which means that there was no difference in the EWS value in the control group and the experimental group. The results of the study on the EWS variable obtained a value of Z = -181 with a p value of 0.074, which means there is no difference in the EWS value in the control group and the experimental group.

Conclusion: EWS and SI did not have a significant difference in the two groups, it is necessary to conduct a study on the physical condition or physical and psychological symptoms of the restraint measures given.

Community Models As Partners Effective To Increase The Quality Of Life Of Hypertension Patients

Emdat Suprayitno — 2022-12-27

Background: Quality of life is still the main problem determining hypertensive patients' recovery, where it is found that the quality of life is still low. Community models as partners in intervention strategies are urgently needed to increase the quality of life.

Methods: The design of this study was quasi-experimental. The population is 60 people with hypertension with simple random sampling. The total sample is 60 people divided into two groups: the treatment group, 30 people given caring-based supportive educative intervention, and 30 people in the control group given pamphlets about hypertension.

Results: Based on research based on the Wilcoxon test, the quality of life score in the intervention group after the intervention was provided, namely p = 0.000, and based on the Mann-Whitney test, the quality of life score in the control group and treatment group after the intervention was given, namely p = 0.002. The results of this study showed that community as a partner model intervention was effective in improving the quality of life of hypertensive patients.

Conclusion: The community model as a partner model intervention has an effect on the quality of life of hypertensive patients.

Analysis Of Severity Factors In COVID-19 Patients With Comorbid Diabetes Melitus

Sandi Alfa Wiga Arsa — 2022-12-28

Background: Patients infected with the SARS-CoV2/COVID-19 virus and comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2 will experience a worsening of their condition, resulting in increased levels of inflammatory mediators in the blood, including lipopolysaccharide, inflammatory cytokines, and toxic metabolites that cause pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the severity of COVID patients with comorbid Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.

Methods: A qualitative study, a cohort with secondary data from April to August 2021, sampling 142 medical records. Independent Variables are Age, Gender, Blood Glucose, Oxygen, Saturation (SPO2), D-Dimer Value, Other Comorbidities.

Results: The results of the selection of bivariate analysis showed that the variables that had no relationship were age (p = 0.262), gender (p = 0.340), and other co-morbidities (p = 0.962), while those having a relationship following the multivariate test were random blood sugar variables (p = 0.031), SPO2 oxygen saturation (p = 0.000), and d-dimer (p = 0.034). The multivariate results using the linear logistic regression test showed that the results of variables related to the severity of COVID-19 and co-morbid diabetes mellitus were blood sugar (p = 0.417), SPO2 (p = 0.095), and D-dimer (p = 0.890), which had no partial effect on the level of severity, but together these three variables equally affect the level of severity.

Conclusion: SAR-CoV2 patients with comorbid Type 2 DM, accompanied by decreased SPO2, increased d-dimer values, increased random blood sugar, with a predictive rate of 93.7%, experienced severe severity.

Formulation Of Topical Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) Of Vitamin D3

Adeltrudis Adelsa Danimayostu — 2022-12-29

Background: In the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in customers’ interest in skin care, including anti-aging. One of the skin care substances, vitamin D3, has a positive impact on the skin, such as the keratinocyte differentiation effect to maintain the skin barrier and the hydration effect to keep the skin moist. Vitamin D3 has a high lipophilicity, so it is considered ideal to formulate in the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). The higher solubility of vitamin D3 in the SNEDDS oil component could improve its penetration through the skin. The SNEDDS is a primary dosage form that can be entrapped in semisolid base dosage forms, such as cream, lotion, or gel. SNEDDS vitamin D3 needs to be optimized to obtain the appropriate composition of the components: oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant.

Methods: The D-Optimal Mixture method using Design Expert 10 software had been chosen as an optimization tool for SNEDDS vitamin D3.

Results: The composition of the optimum formula was obtained as follows: 1.0351 g Miglyol 812 N; 3.0637 g Tween 80 and 0.9011 g PEG 400. The optimum formula has a particle size of 32.62 nm ± 1.80 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.31 ± 0.03.

Conclusion: The release test was carried out with the help of a Franz diffusion cell instrument, a cellophane membrane, and phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4 containing 0.5% Tween 80. The cumulative amount of vitamin D3 released per minute (Flux) was 0.10 µg/min.

Education By Nurses To Reduce Anxiety For Families Of Patients Treated In The Covid-19 Isolation Room

Jumini Jumini — 2022-12-29

Background: Anxiety disorders experienced by families with patients being treated in the COVID-19 isolation room are harmful to the mental and physical health of the family. This study aims to determine the effect of education provided by nurses through digital media on reducing the anxiety level of the patient's family in the isolation room.

Methods: True experiment study with the number of samples taken 36 people. The samples consist of 18 people in an experimental group who were given digital education and 18 people in a control group who were given face-to-face education. Data analysis using an independent t-test.

Results: There is a significant effect of providing education by nurses both through digital media and face-to-face in reducing the anxiety level of families of isolated inpatients at RSUP Surakarta (P value 0.000).

Conclusion: Education through digital has proven to be more effective in reducing the anxiety of the patient's family in the isolation room of RSUP Surakarta compared to education through face-to-face.

Music Therapy Affects Elderly Sleep Quality

Retna Febri Arifiati — 2022-12-30

Background: Music therapy will stimulate the release of the hormones melatonin, endorphins, and encephalin, which are able to make the body relax, calm, reduce pain, and cause feelings of pleasure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving uyon-uyon Javanese-style music therapy to improve the sleep quality of the elderly in Makamhaji Village, Kartasura, Sukoharjo.

Methods: A pre-experimental research design with one group pre- and post-design. The study population of elderly people in PWRI Makamhaji Village, Kartasura, and Sukoharjo consisted of 80 respondents. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling technique. There were 62 respondents in the sample. Uyon-Uyon Javanese Style Music Therapy is variable, independent, and dependent on sleep quality. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) instrument. Apply the statistics paired sample T-test to the hypothesis.

Results: Statistical tests showed that there was a mean difference before and after treatment of 5.27, with a large difference in the quality of sleep before and after treatment of -6.762 and a p-value = 0.000.

Conclusions: There is an influence of Uyon-Uyon Javanese Style Music Therapy to Improve the Quality of Sleep for the Elderly in Makamhaji Village, Kartasura, Sukoharjo. Future researchers can examine more deeply other factors that might become a bias in this study in order to refine and clarify the information from this research.

The Effectiveness Of Telemedicine To Improve Quality Of Life For Patients In The COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrisia Aquariushinta Sayuti — 2022-12-30

Background: COVID-19 delivers the effects of health services in form. Health services began to enforce health protocols, especially social distancing. Medical consultations carried out during medical visits become remote medical consultations by maximizing electronic health technology (e-health), telehealth, and/or telemedicine. The use of health technology has increased research on telemedicine’s effectiveness on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of telemedicine in improving the quality of life of chronic disease patients that require regular visits to health providers during the COVID-19 pandemic during Covid-19 Pandemic.

Methods: The research was descriptive. A systematic review with source data from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Sage databases with the keyword "COVID-19 and telemedicine and health-related quality of life". Criteria were limited to all clinical study articles published during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesian or English and published during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Eleven (11) articles were successfully selected. Telemedicine was used for kidney transplantation or minor stroke patients, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cancer, adrenal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and primary antibody deficiency patients. The instruments used to measure HRQoL were generic (the EQ-5D and SF-36) and specific for some diseases. The results showed that telemedicine could maintain HRQoL and reduce depression or anxiety.

Conclusion: Telemedicine is a feasible and effective intervention to maintain HRQoL and reduce the consequences of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendation is telemedicine must continue to be developed in health services even though the COVID-19 pandemic is over.

Differences Effect Of Neuromuscular Taping And Post Isometric Relaxation With Neuromuscular Taping And Reciprocal Inhibition On Reducing Pain And Increasing Hamstring Flexibility In Overweight Adolescents

Jasmine Kartiko Pertiwi — 2022-12-30

Background: The existence of this muscle shortening is often found in students, who rarely exercise because of a lack of awareness to move. If it occurs continuously, it will result in a decrease in functional movement and muscle shortening, especially in the hamstring muscles.

Methods: At the Ministry of Health Surakarta 2020 Polytechnic, this study used student subjects aged 15 to 23 years with overweight conditions and functional impairment of the hamstrings. This research (sapphire walk test) was a study with a two-group treatment design and a pre-and post-test design. analyzed the data to find out the difference between pre-and post-test group 1 (tapping and PIR) using a paired t-test and group 2 (tapping and RI) using a pre-and post-Wilcoxon test because the data distribution was not normal on the VAS (Visual Analog Scale) values and the test t is paired because the data distribution is normal on the value of the BSSNRT (back saver sit and reach test).

Results: Administration of neuromuscular taping and post-isometric relaxation and neuromuscular taping and reciprocal inhibition both had a good effect on reducing pain (p = 0.863). and both had a good effect on increasing hamstring flexibility in overweight adolescents (p = 0.786).

Conclusion: The clinical implications that can be applied from this study are that there are different effects of neuromuscular taping and post-isometric relaxation with neuromuscular taping and reciprocal inhibition in reducing pain and increasing hamstring flexibility in overweight adolescents. This is an effective intervention option for overweight adolescents with impaired hamstring function.