Reduced Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Patients After Using a Combination of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Pro-Mure) and Slow Deep Breathing Exercises (SD-Bex)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: One of the causes of diabetes mellitus is a person's lifestyle, namely their level of physical inactivity. So, to avoid complications, persons with diabetes mellitus require both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatments to lower blood glucose values. Finding out if people with diabetes mellitus might reduce their blood glucose levels by combining a technique that involved slow deep breathing and progressive muscular relaxation was the primary goal of the research.
Methods: This study is quasi-experimental because it uses a control group design with pre- and post-tests. The number of respondents is 34, and the method of sampling is purposive sampling. Twenty to twenty-five minutes of a combination of progressive muscle relaxation (Pro-Mure) and slow deep breathing exercises (SD-Bex) were administered to the experimental group, while the control group received the usual course of intervention. Values of blood glucose levels were the dependent variable. With a p-value of less than 0.05, the study used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to compare outcomes before and after treatment and the Mann-Whitney test to compare the experimental group to the control group.
Results: We found that the intervention group's blood glucose value was 0.001 and the control group's was 0.025. A p-value of 0.001 was found on the value of blood glucose levels between the experimental group and the control group as a result of the study utilising the Mann-Whitney test.
Conclusion: Those suffering from diabetes mellitus can find relief from their symptoms by combining the techniques of Progressive Muscle Relaxation with Slow Deep Breathing. Additionally, the method is simple to apply.
Article Details
References
Battaglini, M. P., Pessôa Filho, D. M., Calais, S. L., Miyazaki, M. C. O. S., Neiva, C. M., Espada, M. C., … Verardi, C. E. L. (2022). Analysis of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Psychophysiological Variables in Basketball Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417065
Bialas, P., Kreutzer, S., Bomberg, H., Gronwald, B., Schmidberger Fernandes, S., Gottschling, S., … Welsch, K. (2020). [Progressive muscle relaxation in postoperative pain therapy]. Schmerz (Berlin, Germany), 34(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-019-00437-w
Brunelli, A. A., Murphy, G. C., & Athanasou, J. A. (2016). Effectiveness of social support group interventions for psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling, 22(2), 104–127. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2016.9
De Paolis, G., Naccarato, A., Cibelli, F., D’Alete, A., Mastroianni, C., Surdo, L., … Magnani, C. (2019). The effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation and interactive guided imagery as a pain-reducing intervention in advanced cancer patients: A multicentre randomised controlled non-pharmacological trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 34, 280–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.12.014
Gok Metin, Z., Karadas, C., Izgu, N., Ozdemir, L., & Demirci, U. (2019). Effects of progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation on fatigue, coping styles, and quality of life in early breast cancer patients: An assessor blinded, three-arm, randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Oncology Nursing : The Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society, 42, 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2019.09.003
Hunter, S. D., Bernardi, L., McAllister, M. J., John, D., Rahimi, M., & Lopez, M. R. (2023). Device-guided slow breathing alters postprandial oxidative stress in young adult males: A randomized sham-controlled crossover trial. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD, 33(1), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.002
Kemenkes. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS). 2018.
Lin, C.-L., Lin, C.-P., & Lien, S.-Y. A. (2013). [The effect of tai chi for blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipid control for patients with chronic diseases: a systematic review]. Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing, 60(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.60.1.69
Liu, K., Chen, Y., Wu, D., Lin, R., Wang, Z., & Pan, L. (2020). Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 39, 101132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101132
Mahyuvi, T., & Marta, D. K. (2023). Reducing Pain in Postoperative Femoral Fracture Patients with Spiritual-Based Relaxation Breathing. Journal of Applied Nursing and Health, 5(1), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.55018/janh.v5i1.120
Nagai, Y., Mukai, K., Otsuki, M., Kimura, T., Kozawa, J., Nishizawa, H., … Shimomura, I. (2019). Suppression Failure of Cortisol Secretion by Dexamethasone May Occur in Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-treated Patients with Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy. Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 58(7), 949–953. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.1585-18
Neşe, A., & Samancıoğlu Bağlama, S. (2022). The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Deep Breathing Exercises on Dyspnea and Fatigue Symptoms of COPD Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Holistic Nursing Practice, 36(4), E18–E26. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000531
Obaya, H. E., Abdeen, H. A., Salem, A. A., Shehata, M. A., Aldhahi, M. I., Muka, T., … Atef, H. (2023). Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1186546. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1186546
Seid, A. A., Mohammed, A. A., & Hasen, A. A. (2023). Progressive muscle relaxation exercises in patients with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 102(14), e33464. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000033464
Simon, K. C., McDevitt, E. A., Ragano, R., & Mednick, S. C. (2022). Progressive muscle relaxation increases slow-wave sleep during a daytime nap. Journal of Sleep Research, 31(5), e13574. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13574
Suwardianto, H. (2011). Pengaruh terapi relaksasi nafas dalam (deep breathing) terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di puskesmas kota wilayah selatan kota kediri. Jurnal Kesehatan STIKES RS. Baptis Kediri, 4(1).
Suwardianto, H. (2013). Deep breathing relaxation as therapy to decrease blood preassure on hypertension patients. In Proceedings Faculty Of Nursing Of Airlangga The Fourd Internasional Nursing Conference Improving Quality Of Nursing Care Though Nursing Research and Innovations, 1(1), 1–12.
Tangkas, N. M. K. S., Lutfiana, I., & Wulandari, N. M. A. (2022). Effectiveness of Kegel Education for The Elderly as A Form of The Authority of The Midwife in Community Midwife Care. Journal of Applied Nursing and Health, 4(1 SE-Articles), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.55018/janh.v4i1.11
Tarwoto. (2012). Keperawatan Medikal Bedah Gangguan Sistem Endokrin. (Jusirm@n, Ed.). Jakarta: CV. Trans Info Media.
Vosseler, A., Zhao, D., Hummel, J., Gholamrezaei, A., Hudak, S., Kantartzis, K., … Heni, M. (2021). Slow deep breathing modulates cardiac vagal activity but does not affect peripheral glucose metabolism in healthy men. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 20306. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99183-2
Yau, K. K.-Y., & Loke, A. Y. (2021). Effects of diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises on prehypertensive or hypertensive adults: A literature review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 43, 101315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101315