Level Of Anxiety Among College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus outbreak which has become a pandemic for more than a year could potentially cause health problems, including mental health. Mental health problems can occur to any group of people including the students because of the policy of learning from home using online learning technology. Mental health disorders or problems that may occur during the COVID-19 pandemic are high levels of anxiety.
Methods: It was quantitative with a cross-sectional design study. The sample was 344 respondents that were collected through purposive sampling. It was available from 1 to 12 August 2021 using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) Questionnaire via a google form. The data was analyze through frequency for univariate analysis and chi-square for bivariate analysis using statistical software
Results: Based on the level of anxiety, the normal level was 13.1%; mild level was 8.7%; moderate level was 21.8%; severe level was 23.8%; extremely severe was 32.6%. The majority of respondents showed an extremely severe level of anxiety with a percentage. According to bivariate analysis, gender variable has a significant correlation to anxiety level while others have not.
Conclusion: It is recommended for the college to provide and develop student counseling centers in order to support the psychological condition of students.
Article Details
How to Cite
References
American Psychological Association. (2021). Anxiety. https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety
Bandelow, B., & Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2015.10.004
Bandelow, B., Michaelis, S., & Wedekind, D. (2017). Treatment of anxiety disorders. State of the Art : Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 19(2), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229546.n28
Birhanu, A., & Hassein, K. (2016). Prevalence and Factors Associated to Depression Among university students, Ambo, West Ethiopia. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing, 25(21), 26–34.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
Chang, J., Yuan, Y., & Wang, D. (2020). Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal of Southern Medical University, 40(2), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.02.06
Dalami, E., & Suliswati. (2010). Konsep dasar keperawatan kesehatan jiwa. In Jakarta: Trans info media. Trans info media.
Fikry, T. R., & Khairani, M. (2017). Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Kecemasan Mahasiswa Bimbingan Skripsi di Universitas Syiah Kuala. JURKAM: Jurnal Konseling Andi Matappa, 1(2), 108. https://doi.org/10.31100/jurkam.v1i2.60
Grubic, N., Badovinac, S., & Johri, A. M. (2020). Student mental health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for further research and immediate solutions. In International Journal of Social Psychiatry (Vol. 66, Issue 5, pp. 517–518). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020925108
Gunawati, R., Hartati, S., & Listiara, A. (2006). Hubunga antara efektivitas komunikasi mahasiswa-dosen pembimbing utama skripsi dengan stress dalam menyusun skripsi pada mahasiswa Program Studi Psikologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Diponegoro Vol.3, 3(2), 93–115. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/139502-ID-hubungan-antara-efektivitas-komunikasi-m.pdf
Hasanah, U., Ludiana, Immawati, & PH, L. (2020). Gambaran Psikologis Mahasiswa Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 8(3), 299–306. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/JKJ/article/view/5941
Husna, F., & Ariningtyas, N. (2019). Tingkat Kecemasan Lansia Berdasarkan Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (Dass 42) Di Posyandu Lansia Mekar Raharja Dusun Lemah Dadi Bangunjiwo, Kasihan Bantul. Jurnal Kesehatan Samodra Ilmu, 10(1), 36–44. https://stikes-yogyakarta.e-journal.id/JKSI/article/view/39/33
Indiani, B. (2020). Mengoptimalkan proses pembelajaran dengan media daring pada masa pandemi covid-19. Sipatokkong BPSDM Sulawesi Selatan, 1(3), 227–232.
Iqbal, Strong, C., Sitthimongkol, Y., Setiawan, A., Pandin, M. G. R., Yen, C.-F., Lin, C.-Y., Griffiths, M. D., & Ko, N.-Y. (2020). Anxiety and Suicidal Thoughts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Country Comparative Study Among Indonesian, Taiwanese, and Thai University Students. J Med Internet Res 2020;22(12):E24487 Https://Www.Jmir.Org/2020/12/E24487, 22(12), e24487. https://doi.org/10.2196/24487
Kapasia, N., Paul, P., Roy, A., Saha, J., Zaveri, A., Mallick, R., Barman, B., Das, P., & Chouhan, P. (2020). Impact of lockdown on learning status of undergraduate and postgraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105194
Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y.-T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e17–e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8
Novliadi, F. (2010). Sense of Humor dan Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian di Kalangan Mahasiswa. March.
Okafoagu, N., Olanipekun, A., Welcome, M. O., Dane, S., Christina, O. N., Akin, O. M., Salisu, R. A., Jimoh, A. G., Abdurazzaq, F. N., Azeez, I. A., Aliyu, K., & Welcome, M. O. (2019). The Effects of Sex, Physical Defect on Body, Acne on Face and Education on Depression in Nigerian University Students. Article in Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, May. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333176424
Pahmi, Niah, & Siti. (2021). Students’ Voices Towards Online Debate Through WhatsApp as Alternative Media to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills During Covid-19 Pandemic. Pahmi, 15(5), 205–221. https://web.b.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=18657923&AN=149346156&h=OYLBh6rqZeWtYp0mnvr5zGSx%2FuzPA6r%2B2ayqkmaf8vAZl9rYTAy3J3K0EVr7Sdw5oPJshuPx8P3%2F%2Bd%2BL4yGg1A%3D%3D&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resu
Psychology Foundation of Australia. (2018). Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - DASS. Psychology Foundation of Australia. http://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/dass//
Quek, T. T. C., Tam, W. W. S., Tran, B. X., Zhang, M., Zhang, Z., Ho, C. S. H., & Ho, R. C. M. (2019). The global prevalence of anxiety among medical students: A meta-analysis. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 16, Issue 15). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152735
Rakhmanov, O., & Dane, S. (2020). Knowledge and Anxiety Levels of African University Students Against COVID-19 During the Pandemic Outbreak by an Online Survey Classification of hand drawn sketches View project Research on effects of Cognitive Drawing tests on students academic and psycho. Article in Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 8(3), 53–56. https://www.jrmds.in/articles/knowledge-and-anxiety-levels-of-african-university-students-against-covid19-during-the-pandemic-outbreak-by-an-online-survey-53399.html%0Ahttps://www.jrmds.in/abstract/knowledge-and-anxiety-levels-of-african-university-studen
Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
Shamsuddin, K., Fadzil, F., Ismail, W. S. W., Shah, S. A., Omar, K., Muhammad, N. A., Jaffar, A., Ismail, A., & Mahadevan, R. (2013). Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian university students. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6(4), 318–323. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2013.01.014
Shao, R., He, P., Ling, B., Tan, L., Xu, L., Hou, Y., Kong, L., & Yang, Y. (2020). Prevalence of depression and anxiety and correlations between depression, anxiety, family functioning, social support and coping styles among Chinese medical students. BMC Psychology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00402-8
WHO. (2020). Mental Health and COVID-19. World Health Organisation.
Widodo, S. A., Laelasari, L., Sari, R. M., Dewi Nur, I. R., & Putrianti, F. G. (2017). Analisis Faktor Tingkat Kecemasan, Motivasi Dan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa. Taman Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Ke-SD-An, 1(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.30738/tc.v1i1.1581
Zhafira, N. H., Ertika, Y., & Chairiyaton, C. (2020). Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap perkuliahan daring sebagai sarana pembelajaran. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kajian Strategi Manajemen, 4(1).